M1選擇性拮抗劑,用於治療消化性潰瘍 ,因為它能減少胃酸分泌,降低肌肉痙攣 。
由於它的特性,能選擇性作用於睫狀肌麻痺,但卻較不會讓瞳孔放大。因此近年來有研究將它用於近視控制。
如下面這一篇,美國兩年的多中心、隨機、雙盲、安慰劑控制研究的2% Pirenzepine在兒童近視方面的安全性與有效性的論文。
實驗對象:
8~12歲,等值球面在-0.75D~-4.00D,散光不大於1.00D,以2:1的比例隨機分配到實驗組(2% Pirenzepine眼凝膠)與對照組,一天點用兩次。實驗結果測量為散瞳後之電腦驗光數據。
結果:
實驗開始時,實驗組 -2.10 +/- 0.90 D (mean +/- SD) (n = 117) ,對照組 -1.93 +/- 0.83 D (n = 57; p = 0.22)。
一年後,實驗組近視平均增加 -0.26 D,對照組增加-0.53 D (p < 0.001)
84個患者選擇繼續第二年的實驗,(pirenzepine = 53, placebo = 31)
第二年,實驗組近視平均增加 -0.58 D,對照組增加-0.99 D (p = 0.008)
13個實驗組患者(11%)在第一年時,由於藥物副作用退出實驗。第二年時有一位退出。
結論:
Pirenzepine 眼凝膠 2% 相比於安慰劑在減緩近視增加方面是有效的,而在兩年治療期間臨床上的安全性是可接受的。
J AAPOS. 2008 Aug;12(4):332-9. Epub 2008 Mar 24.
Two-year multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia.
Siatkowski RM, Cotter SA, Crockett RS, Miller JM, Novack GD, Zadnik K; U.S. Pirenzepine Study Group.
Dean McGee Eye Institute/University of Oklahoma Department of Ophthalmology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. USA.
Comment in:
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate if the safety and efficacy of the relatively selective M1-antagonist, pirenzepine, in slowing the progression of myopia in children is sustained over a 2-year period.
METHODS: This was a multicenter, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-masked, randomized clinical trial. Enrolled were children aged 8 to 12 years, with entry spherical equivalent refractive error of -0.75 to -4.00 D and astigmatism
RESULTS: At study entry, spherical equivalent was -2.10 +/- 0.90 D (mean +/- SD) for the pirenzepine group (n = 117) and -1.93 +/- 0.83 D for the placebo group (n = 57; p = 0.22). At 1 year, there was a mean increase in myopia of 0.26 D in the pirenzepine group versus 0.53 D in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Eighty-four patients elected to continue for a second year (pirenzepine = 53, placebo = 31). At 2 years, the mean increase in myopia was 0.58 D for the pirenzepine group and 0.99 D for the placebo group (p = 0.008). Thirteen (11%) pirenzepine patients dropped out due to adverse effects in the first year, and 1 did so in the second year.
CONCLUSIONS: Pirenzepine ophthalmic gel 2% was effective compared with placebo in slowing the progression of myopia over a 2-year treatment period and demonstrated a clinically acceptable safety profile.
PMID: 18359651 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]