光線強度、藍光與近視

http://wechat.fingerdaily.com/thread-107470-1-1.html

以上是google查到的圖-犯了那些錯誤呢?

沒時間的就直接看結論與建議! 有部分可能跟您所想的不同!

結論

1. 實驗顯示，在低光照時，眼睛會對於影像劣化較為敏感，長時間低亮度近距離工作，會導致近視容易增加。
2. 從統計數據來看，學童每天於戶外明亮環境活動能有效對抗近視發展。
3. 在成長階段，短波長的光(接近藍光的波長)似乎對眼球的生長有一定的調節作用，且較能抑制近視的發生。

建議

1. 每天要有一段時間於戶外明亮光線下活動。
2. 近距閱讀工作，要有明亮且舒適的白光照明。
3. 不要為了趕潮流長時間(包括室內)配戴太陽眼鏡。
4. 不建議成長中的學童配戴抗藍光鏡片，無益於近視控制。
5. 關於藍光的傷害-不管何種波長，只要能量過強，都會傷害視網膜。

有興趣的就看看以下相關的研究結論及參考文獻~

一、關於光亮度與近視的研究文獻

1. 學校兒童夏季的近視增加較慢。
2. 雞近視實驗--高亮度環境飼養雞未近視，低亮度環境卻製造近視；高亮度環境飼養雞其中一眼戴太陽眼鏡，帶鏡眼近視。高亮度的環境，不管陽光或人工燈光，皆能阻止雞近視形成
3. 光亮度阻止近視可能與dopamine(一種神經傳導物質，經研究與近視的形成有關)有相關性，實驗雞注射dopamine拮抗劑能消除光的保護作用。
4. 猴實驗類似，且發現連續5小時以上高光照才有效。
5. 也能解釋戶外活動對近視防治的效果。
6. 對眼的影像品質--亮光-瞳孔縮小能增加焦深，使網膜上影像清晰。暗-瞳孔放大-球面像差增加(近視者像差較正視者大)。
7. 低亮度對雙眼視覺也有負向作用，若有內斜問題者情況會惡化。

二、關於光波長與近視，目前的實驗及研究

色光--  紅橙黃綠藍紫

波長--   較長--- 較短

1. 光具有色散現象-過濾藍光鏡片會表現出輕微近視。
2. 此色散現象是否會影響人眼偵測網膜影像焦點的正確性及正視化的進行仍有爭議。
3. 近讀時選擇性地消除長波長，明顯降低調節刺激約0.50D，顯示視覺系統近讀時主要使用長波長光，在分子生物研究中也得到類似的結論。
4. 豬近視實驗--長波長燈光環境下飼養的豬較易近視及有較深玻璃體腔深度(眼軸長)。
5. 戶外活動較能減少近視增加，可能由於戶外光線波長較室內燈光短。
6. 帶著藍色鏡片於戶外活動，眼球生長較慢。
7. 藍光可能有益於人體中央神經系統的dopamine調整。
8. 鼠近視實驗--相對於正常白光，養於中波長環境的豬，發展出近視；而飼養於短波長環境的豬，發展出遠視。
9. 鼠近視實驗--即使用負鏡片誘發近視的豬，藍光都能抑制眼軸生長。
10. 雞近視實驗--紅光誘發近視，藍光誘發遠視。
11. 猴近視實驗--長波長光是近視的危險因子。

本文主要翻譯於Dr. rer. nat. Klaus Schmid, Physicist所著之

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